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A number of militia artillery batteries were raised in Prince Edward Island from 1875. When the First World War broke out, three battery-sized units were raised and deployed from the Island as part of the Canadian Expeditionary Force. ==Garrison Artillery in Prince Edward Island from 1875== From 1763, with the close of the Seven Years' War, the British government began stationing ‘regular army troops’, and foreign troops in service, on the Island, for its defence.〔LAC British Colonial Era. See: http://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/military-heritage/Pages/british-colonial-era.aspx Reviewed 12.120.2015 〕 Artillery units on the Island of Saint John were a mix of Royal Regiment of (Garrison) Artillery British regulars, Island volunteers and then militia until 1871.〔 CMH Gateway: Regiments and Units Serving in Canada 1755–1871. See: http://www.cmhg.gc.ca/cmh/page-538-eng.asp Reviewed 12.12.2015 〕 In 1871, as British troops departed Canada, with the exception of small Halifax and Esquimault garrisons, the initial permanent active militia element of Canadian Artillery emerged, on 20 October 1871, with the formation of two batteries of garrison artillery in Kingston and Quebec City.〔A Short History Of The RCA: 1534–2014 Chapter 1, Para 103, Page 1-2/27. See: http://canadianartillery.ca/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Concise-History-RCA.pdf, accessed 17.10.2015.〕 In 1875, having joined The Dominion, with most of the Island colonial units deactivated, as the ‘Canadian’ militia reorganized; new PEI ‘active militia’ units were authorized. In Military District No.12 (PEI), two batteries of Garrison Artillery were immediately authorized, the Charlottetown Battery of Garrison Artillery (OC Major J.B. Pollard) and the Georgetown Battery of Garrison Artillery (OC Captain C. Owen).〔Canadian Gazette Vol. 8 No. 52, Dated 26 June 1875. Militia General Orders, HQ Ottawa, dated 25 June 1875, GO (17) No.1, Page 1708. See: http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/databases/canada-gazette/093/001060-119.01-e.php?document_id_nbr=3843&image_id_nbr=84579&f=g&PHPSESSID=0vda4ro5u3so1lgb0fks0ab9r0 Reviewed 17.10.2015〕 Recognizing success in recruiting in the capital city, a second battery of ‘Garrison Artillery’ was authorized in Charlottetown, necessitating two re-designations: No.1 Charlottetown Battery of Garrison Artillery (GO 17 – 25 June 1875) and No.2 Charlottetown Battery of Garrison Artillery (OC Major Morris).〔Canadian Gazette Vol. 9 No. 1, Dated 3 July 1875. Militia General Orders, HQ Ottawa, Dated 2nd July 1875, GO (18) No.4, Page 3. See: http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/databases/canada-gazette/093/001060-119.01-e.php?document_id_nbr=3847&image_id_nbr=84641&f=g&PHPSESSID=0vda4ro5u3so1lgb0fks0ab9r0 Reviewed 17.10.2015〕 As reported by the Inspector of Artillery, Maritime Provinces, in his ‘District Report, and by Lieutenant Colonel J.H. Gray, on the state of the militia in PEI, they acknowledged the fourth Island garrison battery, the Summerside Battery (authorized MGO G.O. 21 No.1 – 13 August 1875).〔Sessional Papers (No.7): 29 Victoria, A.1876. Report State of Militia: 1875, Ottawa, February 1876, Pages 69 and 178. See: https://archive.org/stream/reportmilitia187500domduoft#page/178/mode/2up Reviewed 17.10.2015〕 These previously ‘independent’ four county batteries were ‘gathered together’ in March 1882, when the ‘Prince Edward Island Provisional Brigade of Garrison Artillery’ was authorized. Initially composed of an establishment of three Batteries, No.1 and No.2 in Charlottetown and No.3 in Georgetown, the PEI Brigade soon added No.4 Battery in Souris (24 Jan 1884), and No.5 Battery in Montague (17 October 1884).〔Canadian Gazette Vol. 15 No. 40, dated 1 April 1882. Militia General Orders, HQ Ottawa Dated 31st March 1882, G.O. No.4, Page 1489. See : http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/databases/canada-gazette/093/001060-119.01-e.php?document_id_nbr=4231&image_id_nbr=97254&f=p&PHPSESSID=spsmrthfot7nb7prnkq0b8slc4 Reviewed 17.10.2015〕〔LAC Guide to Sources Relating to the Canadian Militia (Infantry, Cavalry, Armored) Page 58. See: http://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/military-heritage/Documents/RG9-58_EN-final.pdf Reviewed 09.11.2015〕 With the coming of the First World War, applying the lessons of South Africa, the ‘Canadian Permanent Force’ field gunners moved in adopting the British model of designating batteries as either ‘horse artillery’ or ‘field artillery’. Equipped with the Ordnance QF 13-pounder (quick firing) field gun, the newly designated 'Royal Canadian Horse Artillery' assumed the ‘highly mobile – light gun artillery’ task. 〔A Short History Of The RCA: 1534–2014 Chapter 1, Section 111, Page 1-8/27. See: http://canadianartillery.ca/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Concise-History-RCA.pdf Reviewed 17.10.2015 〕 Independent ‘Non-Permanent Active Militia’ gunner units, remained designated as 'Canadian Field Artillery', assuming the ‘field artillery’ task, equipped with the heavier Ordnance QF 18-pounder, or standing as a ‘garrison battery’ of 'Canadian Garrison Artillery'. 〔 The Royal Regiment Of Canadian Artillery, Volume 3, Part 1: Artillery Regiments and Batteries, A-AD-267-000/AF-003, March 2010, Page 3-1-2. See: http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/his/ol-lo/vol-tom-3/par1/art/doc/rrca.pdf Reviewed 15.11.2015〕 The 'PEI Brigade' ended an early history of re-designations, and re-arrangements, just before the War, in June 1912, when it was designated the ‘Prince Edward Island Heavy Brigade, Canadian Garrison Artillery’ composed of the 3rd and 4th Heavy Battery CGA, in Charlottetown. 〔LAC Guide to Sources Relating to the Canadian Militia (Artillery), Page 71. See: https://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/military-heritage/Documents/RG9-59_EN_final.pdf Accessed 15.11.2015 〕 While in Prince County, the 'old' Georgetown, Souris and Montague 'garrison artillery batteries' converted and came together designated, in June 1912, as the 37th (Souris) Battery, Canadian Field Artillery, with Capt A.T. MacKay as A/OC. 〔LAC Guide to Sources Relating to the Canadian Militia (Artillery), Page 770. See: https://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/military-heritage/Documents/RG9-59_EN_final.pdf Accessed 15.11.2015〕〔Ten Farms Become A Town: A History of Souris 1700 – 1920, Adele Townshend, Ann Thurlow Ed., Souris, 1986, Page 118. See: http://www.islandimagined.ca/fedora/ilives_book_viewer/ilives:209293 Reviewed 15.11.2015〕〔Cape Breton at 200: Historical Essays, K.J. Donovan Ed., UCCB Press, Sydney, NS, City Printer Ltd., 1985. Page 142. ISBN 0-920336-32-9〕 The 1912 rearrangement of the 'Canadian Field Artillery' was accompanied by similar initiatives for the 'Canadian Garrison Artillery' as it was rearranged and subdivided into - Heavy, Movable, Coast Defence or Siege Batteries or Companies. 〔Nicholson Page 181. See: G.W.L. Nicholson, The Gunners of Canada. The History of the Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery, Vol. 1, 1534 - 1919, McClelland and Stewart, The RCA Association, Toronto,1967.〕 Less two batteries, not yet equipped in Canada, in Britain, Royal Garrison Artillery Heavy and Siege batteries were equipped with howitzers, designed and engineered to fire large calibre high explosive shells in high trajectory, (down) plunging fire. For Siege Batteries, the usual armaments were one of six inch, eight inch or 9.2 inch howitzers, although some RGA batteries had railway–mounted or road-mounted twelve-inch howitzers.〔The Siege Batteries of the Royal Garrison Artillery. See: http://www.1914-1918.net/siege-battery-index.htm Accessed 12.10.2105〕 As WWI artillery tactics developed, Siege Batteries were most often employed in destroying or neutralizing enemy artillery units (firing at unseen targets in counter-battery fire), as well as putting destructive fire down on strong-points, dumps, stores, roads and railways .〔The Heavy Battery of the Royal Garrison Artillery. See: http://www.1914-1918.net/heavy-battery-index.htm Accessed 17.10.2105〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Canadian Expeditionary Force artillery from Prince Edward Island」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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